Adadin na'urori masu auna firikwensin yana ƙaruwa a duk faɗin duniya da kuma cikin Yankunan da ke kewaye da mu, suna ba duniya bayanai. Waɗannan na'urori masu araha masu araha sune ke haifar da ci gaban Intanet na Abubuwa da juyin juya halin dijital da al'ummar mu ke fuskanta, amma har yanzu tana haɗawa. da samun bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba koyaushe ke tafiya kai tsaye ko sauƙi.Wannan takarda za ta gabatar da siginar fasahar firikwensin, ƙwarewar ƙirar 5 da kamfanonin OEM.
Da farko, ma'aunin fasaha shine tushen haƙiƙa don nuna halayen samfur. Fahimtar alamun fasaha, taimaka daidai zaɓin da amfani da samfuran.An nuna alamun fasaha na firikwensin zuwa alamomin a tsaye da alamomi masu ƙarfi. Alamomin a tsaye galibi suna nazarin aikin firikwensin a ƙarƙashin yanayin rashin daidaituwa, wanda ya haɗa da ƙuduri, maimaitawa, hankali, daidaituwa, kuskuren dawowa, ƙofa, rarrafe, kwanciyar hankali da sauransu. na saurin canji, gami da amsawar mitar da martanin mataki.
Saboda yawan alamun fasaha na firikwensin, bayanai daban -daban da adabi an bayyana su ta kusurwoyi daban -daban, don haka mutane daban -daban suna da fahimta iri -iri, har ma da rashin fahimta da rashin fahimta.
1, ƙuduri da ƙuduri:
Ma'anar: Ƙuduri yana nufin mafi ƙanƙan canjin canjin da firikwensin zai iya ganewa.Kudurin yana nufin rabo na ƙuduri zuwa ƙimar sikelin ƙima.
Fassara 1: Ƙuduri shine mafi mahimmancin alamar firikwensin. Yana wakiltar ikon firikwensin don rarrabe abubuwan da aka auna. Sauran bayanan fasaha na firikwensin an bayyana su dangane da ƙuduri a matsayin mafi ƙarancin raka'a.
Don na'urori masu auna firikwensin da kayan aiki tare da nuni na dijital, ƙuduri yana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin adadin lambobi da za a nuna. Misali, ƙudurin ƙirar dijital na lantarki shine 0.01mm, kuma kuskuren mai nuna alama shine ± 0.02mm.
Fassara 2: Ƙuduri cikakkiyar lamba ce tare da raka'a.Disalin, ƙudurin firikwensin zafin jiki shine 0.1 ℃, ƙudurin firikwensin hanzari shine 0.1g, da sauransu.
Fassara 3: Ƙuduri yana da alaƙa kuma yayi kama da ƙima ga ƙuduri, duka suna wakiltar ƙudurin firikwensin zuwa ma'auni.
Babban bambanci shine cewa an bayyana ƙudurin azaman kashi na ƙudurin firikwensin. Yana da dangi kuma ba shi da girma. Misali, ƙudurin firikwensin zafin jiki shine 0.1 ℃, cikakken kewayon shine 500 ℃, ƙudurin shine 0.1/500 = 0.02%.
2. Maimaitawa:
Ma'anar: Maimaitawar firikwensin yana nufin matakin banbanci tsakanin sakamakon auna lokacin da aka maimaita ma'aunin sau da yawa a cikin shugabanci iri ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yanayin ɗaya.
Fassara 1: Maimaita firikwensin dole ne ya zama matakin banbanci tsakanin ma'aunai da yawa da aka samu a ƙarƙashin yanayi guda ɗaya.Idan yanayin ma'aunin ya canza, kwatankwacin sakamakon sakamakon zai ɓace, wanda ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman tushen tantance maimaitawa ba.
Fassara 2: Maimaitawar firikwensin yana wakiltar watsawa da bazuwar sakamakon auna na firikwensin. Dalilin irin wannan tarwatsawa da bazuwar shine cewa akwai rikice -rikicen bazuwar iri -iri a ciki da wajen firikwensin, wanda ya haifar da sakamakon auna ƙarshe na firikwensin. nuna halayen bazuwar masu canji.
Fassara 3: Za'a iya amfani da daidaiton daidaiton canjin bazuwar azaman magana mai yawa.
Fassara 4: Don auna ma'auni da yawa, ana iya samun daidaiton ma'auni mafi girma idan aka ɗauki matsakaicin dukkan ma'aunai a matsayin sakamakon auna na ƙarshe.Domin madaidaicin karkacewar ma'anar yana da ƙanƙanta sosai fiye da daidaiton daidaiton kowane ma'auni.
3. Daidaitacce:
Ma'ana: Lissafi (Lissafi) yana nufin karkacewar shigarwar firikwensin da lanƙwasar fitarwa daga madaidaicin madaidaiciyar layi.
Fassara 1: Ingantacciyar hanyar shigar da firikwensin/fitarwa yakamata ta kasance mai layi, kuma ƙudirin shigarwar/fitowar ta kasance madaidaiciyar layi (ja layi a cikin adadi a ƙasa).
Koyaya, ainihin firikwensin fiye ko hasasa yana da kurakurai iri -iri, wanda ke haifar da ainihin shigarwar da ƙarar fitarwa ba shine madaidaicin madaidaicin layi ba, amma mai lanƙwasa (koren kore a cikin adadi a ƙasa).
Lissafin layi shine matakin banbanci tsakanin ainihin ƙirar ƙirar firikwensin da layin kan layi, wanda kuma aka sani da rashin daidaituwa ko kuskure mara daidaituwa.
Fassara 2: Saboda bambancin dake tsakanin madaidaicin sifar firikwensin da madaidaicin layin ya bambanta a cikin ma'aunai daban -daban, ana amfani da rabon mafi girman ƙimar bambancin zuwa cikakken ƙimar da ake amfani da shi a cikin cikakken kewayon. , linearity kuma adadi ne mai yawa.
Fassara 3: Saboda ba a san madaidaicin layin firikwensin ba don yanayin auna gabaɗaya, ba za a iya samu ba.Don haka ne, galibi ana amfani da hanyar yin sulhu, wato kai tsaye ta amfani da sakamakon auna na firikwensin don lissafin layin da ya dace wanda ke kusa da madaidaicin layi.Tsarin hanyoyin lissafin sun haɗa da hanyar layin ƙarshe, hanya mafi kyau, mafi ƙarancin hanyar murabba'i da sauransu.
4. Kwanciyar hankali:
Ma'anar: Kwanciyar hankali shine ikon firikwensin don kula da aikin sa na tsawon lokaci.
Fassara ta 1: Ƙarfafawa ita ce babban jigon bincike don bincika ko na'urar firikwensin tana aiki da ƙarfi a cikin takamaiman lokacin, abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na firikwensin sun haɗa da raguwar zafin jiki da sakin damuwa na cikin gida. da maganin tsufa don inganta kwanciyar hankali.
Fassara ta 2: Za a iya raba kwanciyar hankali zuwa kwanciyar hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci gwargwadon tsawon lokacin. Lokacin da lokacin lura ya yi ƙanƙanta, kwanciyar hankali da maimaitawa na kusa. kwanciyar hankali na zamani.Domin takamaiman lokacin, gwargwadon amfani da muhalli da buƙatun don ƙayyade.
Fassara 3: Za a iya amfani da duka kuskure cikakke da kuskuren dangi don fa'idar jimlar ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali.
5. Yawan samfur:
Ma'anar: Ƙimar Samfurin tana nufin adadin sakamakon auna wanda za a iya samfuri da firikwensin a kowane lokaci naúrar.
Fassara 1: Yawan samin samfuri shine mafi mahimmancin alamun halayen firikwensin, wanda ke nuna ikon amsawar firikwensin da sauri. Mitar lamba ɗaya ce daga cikin alamun fasaha waɗanda dole ne a yi la’akari da su a cikin yanayin saurin canji na auna. Dangane da dokar samnon Shannon, yawan samin firikwensin bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da sau 2 sauye -sauyen ma'auni ba.
Fassara 2: Tare da amfani da mitoci daban -daban, daidaitaccen firikwensin shima ya bambanta daidai gwargwado.
Ana samun mafi girman daidaiton firikwensin a mafi ƙarancin ƙimar samfuri ko ma a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi.
Nasihu biyar na ƙira don na'urori masu auna sigina
1. Fara da kayan aikin bas
A matsayin mataki na farko, injiniyan yakamata ya ɗauki hanyar fara haɗa firikwensin ta hanyar kayan motar bas don iyakance abin da ba a sani ba. Kayan aikin bas yana haɗa kwamfuta ta sirri (PC) sannan zuwa I2C, SPI, ko wata yarjejeniya da ke ba da damar firikwensin don "magana". Aikace -aikacen PC da ke da alaƙa da kayan aiki na bas wanda ke ba da sananne da tushen aiki don aikawa da karɓar bayanai waɗanda ba a sani ba, direban microcontroller (MCU) wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba. iya aikawa da karɓar saƙonni don samun fahimtar yadda sashin ke aiki kafin ƙoƙarin yin aiki a matakin da aka saka.
2. Rubuta lambar sadarwar watsawa a cikin Python
Da zarar mai haɓaka ya yi ƙoƙarin yin amfani da firikwensin kayan aikin bas, mataki na gaba shine rubuta lambar aikace-aikace don firikwensin. Maimakon tsalle kai tsaye zuwa lambar microcontroller, rubuta lambar aikace-aikace a Python. rubutun, wanda Python yakan bi.NET ɗaya daga cikin yarukan da ke cikin yanar gizo. Aikace -aikacen rubutu a cikin Python yana da sauri da sauƙi, kuma yana ba da hanyar gwada na'urori masu auna sigina a aikace -aikacen da ba su da rikitarwa kamar gwaji a cikin yanayin da aka saka. -kamar matakin zai sauƙaƙa wa injiniyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba don yin rubutun haruffa da gwaje-gwaje ba tare da kulawar injiniyan software da aka saka ba.
3. Gwada firikwensin tare da Micro Python
Ofaya daga cikin fa'idodin rubuta lambar aikace-aikacen farko a Python shine kiran kira zuwa aikace-aikacen Shirye-shiryen aikace-aikacen Bus-utility (API) ana iya sauƙaƙe shi ta hanyar kiran Micro Python. firikwensin don injiniyoyi don fahimtar ƙimarta. Micro Python yana aiki akan mai sarrafa Cortex-M4, kuma yanayi ne mai kyau wanda za'a iya cire lambar aikace-aikacen ba kawai yana da sauƙi ba, babu buƙatar rubuta direbobi I2C ko SPI anan, tunda an riga an rufe su cikin aikin Micro Python. ɗakin karatu.
4. Yi amfani da lambar mai samar da firikwensin
Duk lambar samfurin da za a iya “goge” daga mai ƙera firikwensin, injiniyoyi za su yi tafiya mai nisa don fahimtar yadda firikwensin ke aiki. Misalin shirye-shirye na kyawawan gine-gine da ladabi. Kawai yi amfani da lambar mai siyarwa, koyi yadda wannan ɓangaren yake aiki, kuma takaicin sake fasalin zai taso har sai an haɗa shi cikin tsarkin software. 'fahimtar yadda na'urori masu auna firikwensin su ke aiki zai taimaka rage raguwar karshen mako da yawa da aka lalata kafin ƙaddamar da samfurin.
5. Yi amfani da ɗakin karatu na ayyukan haɗin firikwensin
Akwai yuwuwar, ƙirar watsawa ta firikwensin ba sabuwa ba ce kuma ba a taɓa yin ta ba.Laburaren ɗakunan karatu na duk ayyuka, kamar “Sensor Fusion function Library” da yawancin masana'antun guntu ke bayarwa, taimaka masu haɓakawa suyi koyo da sauri, ko ma mafi kyau, kuma ku guji Za'a iya haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan ko rukuni, kuma waɗannan nau'ikan ko nau'ikan za su ba da damar ci gaban direbobi waɗanda, idan aka sarrafa su da kyau, kusan na duniya ne ko ƙasa da sake amfani da su. ayyukan haɗin firikwensin kuma koya ƙarfi da raunin su.
Lokacin da aka haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin cikin tsarin da aka saka, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don taimakawa haɓaka lokacin ƙira da sauƙi na amfani. Masu haɓakawa ba za su taɓa "yin kuskure ba" ta hanyar koyon yadda na'urori masu auna firikwensin ke aiki daga babban matakin abstraction a farkon ƙirar kuma kafin haɗa su cikin tsarin ƙanƙanta. Yawancin albarkatun da ake da su a yau za su taimaka wa masu haɓakawa su “bugi ƙasa da gudu” ba tare da sun fara daga tushe ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Aug-16-2021