Muna taimakawa duniya girma tun 2004

Binciken kuskuren da matakan matakan juyawa

Menene abin canzawa?

Switchgear ya ƙunshi juyawa ɗaya ko fiye da ƙarancin wutar lantarki da sarrafawa mai alaƙa, aunawa, sigina, kariya, ƙa'ida da sauran kayan aiki, tare da mai ƙira da ke da alhakin duk haɗin haɗin lantarki da na inji na ciki, cikakken taron abubuwan haɗin ginin tare. Babban aikin canzawa hukuma ita ce budewa da rufewa, sarrafawa da kare kayan lantarki yayin aiwatar da samar da wutar lantarki, watsawa, rarrabawa da jujjuya makamashin lantarki. na'urorin kariya daban -daban.

Binciken kuskuren da matakan matakan juyawa
12 ~ 40.5kV kayan juyawa shine mafi yawan adadin kayan maye a cikin tsarin grid wutar lantarki. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, hadarurrukan sauyawa suna faruwa akai -akai, wanda ke haifar da asarar tattalin arziki, asarar rayuka da sauran mummunan tasirin zamantakewa.
Haɗarin ɓoye na hatsarori da lahani na ɗabi'a galibi suna mai da hankali ne kan yanayin wayoyi, ƙarfin sakin arc na ciki, rufin ciki, zafi da anti-mis-kulle, da dai sauransu Ta hanyar samar da matakan da aka yi niyya, adadin sauyawa da haɗarin ministocin cibiyar sadarwa na zobe suna da yawa. an rage, kuma ana inganta ingantaccen aikin cibiyar sadarwar wutar lantarki.

1. Matsalar ɓoye a yanayin wayoyi
1.1. Boyayyen Hadari nau'in
1.1.1 Mai kamawa a cikin gidan talabijin yana haɗa kai tsaye da bas
Dangane da buƙatun ƙayyadaddun ƙirar ƙirar, dole ne a amince da mai kama da akwatin TV ta hanyar haɗin haɗin keken hannu, tsarin rakodin TV, yanayin haɗin kai da iri -iri, wasu masu kama jirgin akwatin TV ta hanyar keɓe keken da aka haɗa da motar, lokacin gyara TV, keɓe keken hannu. , har yanzu ana cajin mai kama walƙiya, shigar da ma'aikatan ma'ajiyar kaya samun haɗarin girgiza wutar lantarki.

Yanayin haɗin juyawa yana ɓoye

1, yanayin wayoyi na ɗaya: mai kama gidan walƙiya na gidan talabijin da TV da aka sanya a cikin shagon baya, fuse da aka sanya akan motar, mai kama walƙiya yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da bas, TV ta hannun keɓewa da bas da aka haɗa;
2, yanayin wayoyi biyu: An kama mai kama da walƙiya na gidan talabijin a cikin ɗakin bas, an haɗa shi kai tsaye da bas, TV da fuse da aka sanya akan motar;
3, yanayin wayoyi uku: Mai kama gidan walƙiya na gidan talabijin an sanya shi daban a cikin shagon baya ko gidan gaba, haɗe kai tsaye da bas, TV da fuse da aka sanya akan motar.
4, yanayin wayoyi huɗu: TV da fis ɗin da aka sanya a cikin jerin madaidaitan jerin XGN, an saka mai kamawa daban a cikin wani sashi, wanda aka haɗa kai tsaye da bas;
5, yanayin wayoyi biyar: mai kama walƙiya, TV da fuse an sanya su a cikin ɗakunan ajiya na baya, mai kama walƙiya yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da bas, TV tana da alaƙa da motar ta motar keɓewa;
6, yanayin wayoyi shida: an saka mai walƙiya, fuse da TV a cikin motar hannu ɗaya, mai haɗa walƙiya yana haɗuwa da fuse bayan matakin.
Wannan tsarin yana cikin wayoyin da ba daidai ba, da zarar fuse ya karye yayin aiki, kayan aikin zasu rasa kariyar mai kama.

1.1.2 Ƙananan majalisar ministocin sauyawa ba a ware ta gaba ɗaya daga majalisar baya
Ƙananan kabad da na bayan gida na wasu KYN jerin jakunkuna masu sauyawa, kamar babban gidan wuta mai canzawa a cikin layi, kabad ɗin canzawar mata, da kabad ɗin canzawa, ba a ware su gaba ɗaya. Lokacin da ma’aikatan suka shiga cikin ƙananan kabad ɗin, suna iya taɓa bas ɗin ko ɓangaren kai na kai na kebul, wanda hakan ke haifar da girgizar lantarki.
Haɗarin da ke ɓoye ba a keɓe ba tsakanin ƙaramin majalisar da na majalisar ministocin sauyawa, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto 3:

Hoto na 3 Babu wani ɓoyayyen haɗarin da ke keɓewa tsakanin ƙaramin majalisar da na majalisar ministocin juyawa

1.2, matakan kariya
Ya kamata a sake gyara majalisar sauyawa tare da yanayin wayoyin ɓoye.
An nuna zane -zane na canjin yanayin wayoyin salula a cikin hoto 5:

FIG. 5 Tsarin zane na canjin yanayin wayoyin juyawa

1.2.1 Tsarin sake fasalin fasaha don yanayin wayoyi na mai kama walƙiya a cikin gidan talabijin
1, don yanayin wayoyi ɗaya, cire mai kama walƙiya a cikin ɗakin, Yanayin wayoyin TV ba ya canzawa, an toshe ɗakin bas na asali ta cikin ramin bango, an canza mai kama walƙiya zuwa motar hannun fuse arrester a kan motar hannu, kuma mai kama walƙiya yana a layi ɗaya tare da fuse da da'irar TV.
2. Don yanayin wayoyi biyu, cire mai kama walƙiya a cikin motar bas, matsar da mai walƙiya zuwa motar tafi -da -gidanka kuma a mayar da ita a cikin fuse da mai kama walƙiya, ƙara farantin shigarwa na ƙaramin akwatin tuntuɓar, girgiza akwatin tuntuɓar. da injin bawul ɗin, shigar da TV a cikin kwandon baya, kuma haɗa ta zuwa ƙaramin lamba ta motar keɓewa ta hanyar gubar.
Ana iya aiwatar da wannan makirci akan motar hannu ta asali, amma kuma yana iya yin la'akari da maye gurbin sabuwar motar hannu.
3. Don yanayin wayoyi uku, cire mai kama walƙiya na sashin asali, matsar da mai walƙiya zuwa motar tafi -da -gidanka kuma a mayar da ita cikin mai kamawa da walƙiya, rufe ramin bangon ɗakin bas na asali, ƙara farantin shigarwa na ƙaramin akwatin lamba na motar hannu, ɓarkewar akwatin lamba da injin bawul, shigar da TV a cikin sashin baya kuma haɗa ta zuwa ƙaramin lamba ta hanyar gubar waya.
Ana iya aiwatar da wannan makirci akan motar hannu ta asali, amma kuma yana iya yin la'akari da maye gurbin sabuwar motar hannu.

4. Don yanayin wayoyi huɗu, cire mai kamawa a cikin wasu ɓangarori, matsar da mai kama zuwa fuse da sashin TV, haɗa shi zuwa hutu na cire haɗin, kuma haɗa shi a layi ɗaya tare da fuse da da'irar TV.
5, don yanayin wayoyi guda biyar, mai kama walƙiya, matsayin shigarwa na TV ba canzawa, jagoran kama walƙiya na walƙiya yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da lambar motar hannun keɓewa, ɗakin bas na asali ta cikin ramin bango.
6. Ga yanayin haɗi 6, yanayin shimfida yana cikin haɗin da ba daidai ba. Da zarar an haɗa fuse a cikin aiki, kayan aikin zasu rasa kariyar mai kama.
Cire mai kama walƙiya kuma a haɗa a cikin motar hannu ta asali, canza matsayin wayoyi, sanya mai kama walƙiya ya haɗu da mafi girman fuse, kuma a layi ɗaya tare da fuse da da'irar TV.

1.2.2 Tsare -tsaren rashin warewar da ba ta cika ba tsakanin ƙaramin minista da na bayan majalisar ministocin sauyawa
Saboda an daidaita wannan nau'in tsarin kayan aikin majalisar ministocin, idan an shigar da farantin bangare a cikin canji, za a canza tsarin tsarin sa da rarraba sararin samaniya, kuma ba za a iya tabbatar da aikin kariya na cikin samfurin ba. Sabili da haka, ya zama dole a tabbatar da babban aikin mai canzawa na 10kV na gefen da babban mai canza wutar lantarki kafin a aiwatar da aikin.

2. Rashin isasshen ƙarfin sakin arc na ciki
2.1 Nau'in haɗarin da ke ɓoye
A cikin ainihin aikin, katafaren gidan rufewar ƙarfe da kansa yana da lahani, haɗe da mummunan yanayin aiki wanda ke haifar da lalacewar aikin ruɓi ko ɓarna da sauran dalilai, zai haifar da laifin baka na ciki.
Arc da aka samar ta hanyar gajeren zango yana da babban zafin jiki da babban kuzari. Arc da kanta iskar gas ce mai haske sosai. A karkashin aikin wutar lantarki da iskar gas, arc zai yi tafiya cikin sauri a cikin majalisar kuma zai haifar da saurin fadada kuskuren.
Gasification a cikin wannan yanayin, kayan rufi, narkewar ƙarfe, canza zafin jiki na cikin gida da matsin lamba, idan ba a tsara shi ba ko shigar da tashar fitarwa mai ƙarfi, babban matsin lamba zai sa majalisar ta sanya kanta a cikin farantin wani, ƙofar katako, makulli, taga mai mahimmanci. nakasawa da karaya, arc da aka samar ta babban gidan iska mai iska ya sanya kansa cikin wani matsayi, ya haifar da ma'aikatan da ke kula da kayan aiki da mummunar ƙonewa,
Hatta barazanar rayuwa.
A halin yanzu, akwai wasu matsaloli kamar ba a saita tashar taimako na matsin lamba ba, an saita tashar ba da matsin lamba mara ma'ana, ba a gwada ƙarfin sakin arc na ciki da tabbatarwa, kuma kimantawa ba ta da tsauri yayin gwajin.

2.2, matakan kariya
[Zaɓi] Canja ƙofar ciki na kuskuren aikin arc yakamata ya zama matakin IAC, tsawon lokacin da aka yarda da shi na ciki bai kamata ya zama ƙasa da 0.5s ba, an ƙaddara gwajin gwajin na ɗan gajeren lokaci na jure halin yanzu.
Don samfuran da aka ƙaddara gajeren zango da ke rushewa sama da 31.5kA, ana iya aiwatar da gwajin baka na cikin gida bisa ga 31.5kA.
[Gyarawa] Ƙara ko canza tashar taimako na matsin lamba, da gudanar da gwajin arc na ciki da tabbatarwa cikin tsayayye daidai da buƙatun daidaitattun nau'in gwajin.
[Kariya] Matsawa mai dacewa na babban matakin kariya na mai canza wutar lantarki, rage ci gaba da gazawar lokacin kuskuren baka.

3, matsalar ruɗar ciki
3.1 Nau'in haɗarin ɓoye
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an rage girman jujjuyawar kayayyakin majalisar ministocin, aikin rufi na lahani na majalisar, kurakurai sun ƙaru.
Babban aikin a: nisan hawa da ba da isasshen iska bai isa ba, musamman majalisar ministocin hannu, yanzu masana'antun da yawa don rage girman majalisar, rage ƙarar mahaɗin da aka sanya a cikin majalisar, toshe kadaici da tazara tsakanin ƙasa, amma bai dauki ingantattun matakai don tabbatar da ƙarfin rufi ba;
Tsarin taro mara kyau, saboda ƙarancin taro mai kyau, yanki ɗaya a cikin majalisar canzawa na iya wuce gwajin matsin lamba, amma duk gidan canzawa ba zai iya wucewa bayan taro ba;
Ƙarfin tuntuɓar bai isa ba ko kuma mummunan hulɗa, lokacin da ƙarfin lambar bai isa ko mara kyau ba, ƙara yawan zafin jiki na gida, raguwar aikin rufi, haifar da ƙasa ko ɓarna na lokaci;
Condensation sabon abu, ginannen hita yana da sauƙin lalacewa, ba zai iya yin aiki a al'ada ba, a cikin abin da ke canza yanayin ɗaukar hoto, rage aikin rufi;
Ayyukan rufi mara kyau na na'urorin haɗi masu goyan baya.
Don rage farashin, wasu masana'antun suna ɗaukar matakin ƙarancin rufi na kayan haɗin goyan baya, rage girman aikin rufi na gidan sauyawa.

3.2, matakan kariya
Bai kamata mu bi makanta na ƙaramin abin canzawa ba. Yakamata mu sayi abin juyawa da ya dace gwargwadon yanayin aikin, shimfidar substation, aiki da kiyayewa, gyaran kayan aiki da sauran abubuwan.
Don kayan aiki ta amfani da iska ko iska/ruɓaɓɓen abu a matsayin matsakaici mai ruɓi, ya kamata a yi la'akari da kauri, ƙarfin filin ƙira da tsufa na kayan ruɓi, kuma mai ƙera yakamata ya gudanar da gwajin matsin lamba daidai gwargwado.
Don sassan kamar rigar bango a cikin gidan sauyawa da kabad na cibiyar sadarwa na zobe, bawul ɗin injin, da lanƙwasa na sandar bas, idan nisan rufin iska bai wuce 125mm (12kV) da 300mm (40.5kV) ba, ya kamata a sanye madugu da mayafi na rufi.
Yakamata a ɗauki matakan kamar kumbura da gogewa don hana murdiyar filin lantarki a sassan da ƙarfin filayen ya tattara, kamar mashigar shigarwa da kanti, bawul ɗin injin da kusurwar motar.
Barbar da ke cikin majalisar tana tallafawa wasu kayan aiki waɗanda nisan rarrafewar rufinsu ba zai iya cika yanayin gurɓatawa ba, kamar kwalaben ain. Fesa RTV rufi rufi don inganta yanayin fasaha na tsohuwar aikin kayan aiki.

4. Ciwon zazzabi
4.1 Nau'in haɗarin da ke ɓoye
Lambar hanyar haɗin madauki ba ta da kyau, juriya na haɓaka yana ƙaruwa, matsalar dumama ta shahara, kamar lambar tuntuɓar lamba mara kyau;
Ƙarƙashin murfin katako na ƙarfe ba shi da ma'ana, iska ba convection, ikon watsa zafi ba shi da kyau, matsalolin dumama a cikin majalisar sun fi yawa;
Rigon bango, mai canza wuta na yanzu da sauran tsarin shigarwa suna samar da madaidaicin madaidaicin lantarki, wanda ke haifar da eddy na yanzu, yana haifar da wasu abubuwan ruɗaɗɗen murɗaɗɗen abu mai zafi yana da mahimmanci;
M rufaffiyar canza kabad kabad kayan aiki bushe (jefa irin halin yanzu gidan wuta, jefa irin ƙarfin lantarki gidan wuta, bushe irin transformer) zaba Tuddan waya diamita ne bai isa ba, simintin tsari iko ba m, sauki overheating lalacewa.
4.2, matakan kariya
Ƙarfafa watsawar zafi na majalissar canzawa, da shigar da abun hurawa da fan fanti mai jawowa;
A haɗe tare da gazawar wutar lantarki, matsa lamba na lambobi masu ƙarfi da a tsaye yakamata a bincika su kuma maye gurbinsu idan ya cancanta. A lokaci guda, yakamata a maye gurbin guntun lamba na gajiya.
Haɓaka bincike kan fasahar auna ma'aunin zafin jiki a cikin majalisar, kuma amfani da sabbin fasahohi kamar ma'aunin zafin jiki mara waya don warware mawuyacin matsalar ma'aunin zafin jiki.

5, hana kulle kuskure ba cikakke bane
5.1 Haɗari mai yuwuwa
Yawancin akwatunan canzawa suna sanye da kayan kulle-kulle na kuskure, amma kulle-kullen sa da na tilas bai cika buƙatun ba.
Za'a iya buɗe wani sashi na gidan wuta mai sulke a ƙofar ta baya, babu kulle-kullen kuskure, babu ɓacewar warewa sau biyu, an buɗe bayan za a iya taɓa sassan rayuwa kai tsaye, kuma sukurori sukurori ne na yau da kullun, masu sauƙin buɗe ƙofar cikin rayuwa. hadari na girgiza wutar lantarki ta lantarki;
Sashe na babban gidan wuta, mace, TV, mai juyawa da sauran juyawa ba tare da canzawar ƙasa ba, bayan ƙofar hukuma mai biyowa da jujjuyawar ƙasa ba ta samar da makullin inji ba, na iya cire dunƙule kai tsaye a buɗe bayan ƙofar, ba a rufe a yanayin ƙofar kuma tana iya rufe wutar, mai sauƙin haifar da ma'aikatan kulawa da kuskure a buɗe, shigar da tazarar lantarki, haɗarin girgizar ma'aikata;
Ba za a iya kulle babba da ƙananan sassan ƙofar baya na wasu kabad ɗin sauyawa ba da kansa, kuma ƙofar babba tana kulle ta ƙananan ƙofa.
Lokacin da aka rufe jujjuyawar ƙasa mai fitarwa, an cire makullin ƙofar karamar hukuma, kuma ana iya buɗe ƙofar gidan na baya, da sauƙi don haifar da haɗarin girgizar lantarki.
Irin su KYN28 switchgear;
Bayan an ja wasu mashinan hannu masu juyawa, za a iya ture katangar warewar. Ba tare da hana kullewar bazata ba, fallasa jikin da aka caje, kuma ma'aikatan na iya buɗe ɓataccen lamba bawul ɗin lamba ta canzawa bisa kuskure, wanda ya haifar da haɗarin girgizar lantarki.

5.2, matakan kariya
Domin aikin juyawa majalisar anti-kuskure ba cikakke bane, don ana iya buɗe ƙofar gidan hukuma, kuma buɗewa na iya taɓa ɓangarorin rayuwa kai tsaye na babban gidan canza wutar lantarki da aka sanya makullin injin, saita tsarin kulle-kulle na kulle kwamfuta;
Shigar da ƙullawa tsakanin sauyawa ƙasa da ƙofar majalisar baya a kan gidan sauyawa kamar GG1A da XGN, kuma shigar da na'urar nuna raye don kulle aikin sauya ƙasa.
Duba amincin na'urar da ke hana kurakurai a kai a kai, kuma duba na’urar latching na inji tsakanin motar hannu da sauyin ƙasa, sauyawar cirewa da sauyawa ta ƙasa ta hanyar damar rashin ƙarfi.

6, kammalawa
Sauya kayan aikin katako kayan aiki muhimmin kayan maye ne a cikin wutar lantarki. Domin tabbatar da tsayayyen aiki, yakamata a ƙarfafa sarrafawa a kowane fanni kamar ƙira, kayan, tsari, gwaji, zaɓi zaɓi, aiki da kiyayewa.
A cikin madaidaiciya daidai da buƙatun ƙirar ƙirar, haɗe tare da ƙa'idodin ƙasa da na masana'antu, gabatar da buƙatun fasaha na ƙira, da mahimmanci kawar da haɗarin ɓoye wayoyi;
Dangane da ƙa'idojin ƙasa da na masana'antu, gami da matakan rigakafin haɗari, suna tsara tsauraran buƙatun takaddun neman kayan aiki, don hana samfuran da ba su cancanta ba cikin aikin hanyar sadarwa;
Ƙarfafa kulawar masana'antun kan-site, tsananin shaida manyan mahimman abubuwan samarwa da gwajin masana'anta, kuma da ƙin hana samfuran da ba su cancanta ba barin masana'anta;
A zahiri yana aiwatar da gudanar da lahani na majalisar ministocin, ƙarfafa aiwatar da matakan rigakafin haɗari;
Inganta aikin jujjuya kayan aikin rigakafin kurakurai, ƙarfafa gudanar da na’urar kulle kuskure, shigar da na'urar nuni mai rai, da yin aiki tare da tsarin “rigakafin guda biyar”, don tabbatar da kulle-kullen gabaɗaya da tilas.


Lokacin aikawa: Aug-11-2021