Kwarewar ƙira guda biyar da alamun fasaha na firikwensin

Adadin na'urori masu auna firikwensin yana ƙaruwa a faɗin duniya da kuma a cikin Sararin da ke kewaye da mu, yana samar wa duniya da bayanai. Waɗannan na'urori masu auna firikwensin masu araha su ne ginshiƙin ci gaban Intanet na Abubuwa da juyin juya halin dijital da al'ummarmu ke fuskanta, duk da haka haɗawa da samun damar bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin ba koyaushe yake tafiya kai tsaye ko sauƙi ba. Wannan takarda za ta gabatar da ma'aunin fasaha na na'urori masu auna firikwensin, ƙwarewar ƙira guda 5 da kamfanonin OEM.

Da farko dai, ma'aunin fasaha shine tushen maƙasudin da zai iya bayyana aikin samfur. Fahimci ma'aunin fasaha, taimaka wa zaɓin da ya dace da amfani da samfurin. Alamun fasaha na na'urar firikwensin an raba su zuwa ma'aunin tsaye da ma'aunin motsi. Alamun tsaye galibi suna bincika aikin na'urar firikwensin a ƙarƙashin yanayin rashin daidaituwar tsaye, gami da ƙuduri, maimaitawa, hankali, layi, kuskuren dawowa, iyaka, rarrafe, kwanciyar hankali da sauransu. Ma'aunin tsauri galibi yana bincika aikin na'urar firikwensin a ƙarƙashin yanayin canji mai sauri, gami da amsawar mita da martanin mataki.

Saboda yawan alamomin fasaha na na'urar firikwensin, ana bayyana bayanai da adabi daban-daban daga kusurwoyi daban-daban, ta yadda mutane daban-daban za su fahimci juna, har ma da rashin fahimta da rashin tabbas. Don haka, an fassara manyan alamomin fasaha guda uku masu zuwa ga na'urar firikwensin:

1, ƙuduri da ƙuduri:

Ma'ana: Resolution yana nufin ƙaramin canjin da aka auna wanda firikwensin zai iya ganowa. Resolution yana nufin rabon Resolution zuwa cikakken sikelin ƙimar.

Fassara ta 1: Resolution shine mafi mahimmancin alamar firikwensin. Yana wakiltar ikon firikwensin na bambance abubuwan da aka auna. Sauran ƙayyadaddun fasaha na firikwensin an bayyana su ta hanyar resolution a matsayin mafi ƙarancin naúrar.

Ga na'urori masu auna firikwensin da kayan aiki masu nunin dijital, ƙuduri yana ƙayyade mafi ƙarancin adadin lambobi da za a nuna. Misali, ƙudurin na'urar auna firikwensin dijital ta lantarki shine 0.01mm, kuma kuskuren mai nuna alama shine ±0.02mm.

Fassara ta 2: Resolution adadi ne mai cikakken bayani tare da raka'a. Misali, resolution na firikwensin zafin jiki shine 0.1℃, resolution na firikwensin hanzari shine 0.1g, da sauransu.

Fassara ta 3: Resolution ra'ayi ne mai alaƙa kuma iri ɗaya da resolution, duka suna wakiltar resolution na firikwensin zuwa ma'auni.

Babban bambanci shine ƙudurin yana bayyana a matsayin kashi na ƙudurin firikwensin. Yana da alaƙa kuma ba shi da girma. Misali, ƙudurin firikwensin zafin jiki shine 0.1℃, cikakken kewayon shine 500℃, ƙuduri shine 0.1/500 = 0.02%.

2. Maimaitawa:

Ma'ana: Maimaita firikwensin yana nufin matakin bambanci tsakanin sakamakon aunawa lokacin da aka maimaita ma'aunin sau da yawa a cikin hanya ɗaya a ƙarƙashin yanayi ɗaya. Hakanan ana kiransa kuskuren maimaitawa, kuskuren sake haifuwa, da sauransu.

Fassara ta 1: Maimaita firikwensin dole ne ya zama matakin bambanci tsakanin ma'auni da yawa da aka samu a ƙarƙashin yanayi ɗaya. Idan yanayin aunawa ya canza, kwatancen da ke tsakanin sakamakon aunawa zai ɓace, wanda ba za a iya amfani da shi azaman tushen kimanta maimaitawa ba.

Fassara ta 2: Maimaitawar firikwensin yana wakiltar warwatsewa da rashin daidaituwar sakamakon auna firikwensin. Dalilin irin wannan warwatsewa da rashin daidaituwar shine cewa akwai matsaloli daban-daban na bazata a ciki da wajen firikwensin, wanda ke haifar da sakamakon aunawa na ƙarshe na firikwensin wanda ke nuna halayen masu canji bazuwar.

Fassara ta 3: Ana iya amfani da karkacewar daidaitaccen ma'aunin bazuwar azaman bayanin adadi mai maimaitawa.

Fassara ta 4: Don ma'auni masu maimaitawa da yawa, ana iya samun daidaiton ma'auni mafi girma idan aka ɗauki matsakaicin duk ma'auni a matsayin sakamakon ma'auni na ƙarshe. Domin daidaitaccen karkacewar matsakaicin ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da daidaitaccen karkacewar kowane ma'auni.

3. Daidaito:

Ma'anar: Layi (Layi) yana nufin karkacewar shigarwar firikwensin da lanƙwasa fitarwa daga madaidaicin layin madaidaiciya.

Fassara ta 1: Alaƙar shigarwa/fitarwa mai kyau ta firikwensin ya kamata ta kasance layi ɗaya, kuma lanƙwasa ta shigarwa/fitarwa ya kamata ta zama layi ɗaya madaidaiciya (layin ja a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa).

Duk da haka, ainihin firikwensin yana da kurakurai iri-iri, wanda ke haifar da ainihin lanƙwasa shigarwa da fitarwa ba shine madaidaicin layi ba, amma lanƙwasa (lanƙwasa kore a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa).

Layin layi shine matakin bambanci tsakanin ainihin lanƙwasa na siffa ta firikwensin da layin layi mara layi, wanda kuma aka sani da kuskuren rashin layi ko kuskuren mara layi.

Fassara ta 2: Saboda bambancin da ke tsakanin ainihin lanƙwasa na firikwensin da layin da ya dace ya bambanta a girma daban-daban na aunawa, rabon matsakaicin ƙimar bambanci zuwa ƙimar cikakken kewayon galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin cikakken kewayon kewayon. Babu shakka, layi shi ma adadi ne na dangi.

Fassara ta 3: Saboda layin firikwensin da ya dace ba a san shi ba saboda yanayin aunawa gabaɗaya, ba za a iya samunsa ba. Saboda wannan dalili, sau da yawa ana amfani da hanyar sulhu, wato, kai tsaye ta amfani da sakamakon auna firikwensin don ƙididdige layin daidaitawa wanda yake kusa da layin da ya dace. Takamaiman hanyoyin lissafi sun haɗa da hanyar layin ƙarshe, hanyar layi mafi kyau, hanyar murabba'i mafi ƙanƙanta da sauransu.

4. Kwanciyar hankali:

Ma'anar: Kwanciyar hankali shine ikon na'urar firikwensin don kiyaye aikinsa na tsawon lokaci.

Fassarar 1: Kwanciyar hankali shine babban ma'aunin da za a bincika ko na'urar firikwensin tana aiki daidai a cikin wani takamaiman lokaci. Abubuwan da ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na na'urar firikwensin galibi sun haɗa da raguwar zafin jiki da sakin damuwa na ciki. Saboda haka, yana da amfani a ƙara diyya ga zafin jiki da maganin tsufa don inganta kwanciyar hankali.

Fassara ta 2: Ana iya raba kwanciyar hankali zuwa kwanciyar hankali na ɗan gajeren lokaci da kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci bisa ga tsawon lokacin. Lokacin da lokacin lura ya yi gajere, kwanciyar hankali da maimaitawa suna kusa. Saboda haka, ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali galibi yana bincika kwanciyar hankali na dogon lokaci. Takamaiman tsawon lokaci, bisa ga amfani da muhalli da buƙatun da ake buƙata don tantancewa.

Fassara ta 3: Ana iya amfani da kuskuren kuskure da kuskuren dangi don nuna adadi na ma'aunin kwanciyar hankali. Misali, na'urar firikwensin ƙarfin nau'in iri yana da kwanciyar hankali na 0.02%/awa 12.

5. Yawan samfurin:

Ma'anar: Ƙimar Samfura tana nufin adadin sakamakon aunawa da na'urar firikwensin za ta iya ɗauka a kowane lokaci.

Fassara ta 1: Mitar samfurin shine mafi mahimmancin alamar halayen motsi na na'urar firikwensin, yana nuna ikon amsawar sauri na na'urar firikwensin. Mitar samfurin yana ɗaya daga cikin alamun fasaha waɗanda dole ne a yi la'akari da su sosai idan aka sami canjin ma'auni cikin sauri. A cewar dokar shannon, mitar samfurin na'urar firikwensin bai kamata ta zama ƙasa da sau 2 mitar canjin da aka auna ba.

Fassara ta 2: Tare da amfani da mitoci daban-daban, daidaiton firikwensin shima ya bambanta daidai gwargwado. Gabaɗaya, mafi girman mitar samfurin, ƙarancin daidaiton ma'auni.

Mafi girman daidaiton firikwensin galibi ana samunsa ne a mafi ƙarancin saurin ɗaukar samfuri ko ma a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara canzawa. Saboda haka, dole ne a yi la'akari da daidaito da sauri a cikin zaɓin firikwensin.

Nasihu biyar na ƙira don na'urori masu auna firikwensin

1. Fara da kayan aikin bas

A matsayin mataki na farko, injiniyan ya kamata ya ɗauki hanyar haɗa na'urar firikwensin ta hanyar kayan aikin bas don iyakance abin da ba a sani ba. Kayan aikin bas yana haɗa kwamfuta ta mutum (PC) sannan zuwa I2C, SPI, ko wata yarjejeniya ta firikwensin wanda ke ba da damar firikwensin "magana". Aikace-aikacen PC wanda ke da alaƙa da kayan aikin bas wanda ke samar da tushen da aka sani kuma mai aiki don aikawa da karɓar bayanai waɗanda ba direban microcontroller da aka saka ba (MCU) wanda ba a sani ba, wanda ba a tabbatar da shi ba. A cikin mahallin amfani da Bus, mai haɓakawa zai iya aikawa da karɓar saƙonni don fahimtar yadda sashin ke aiki kafin ƙoƙarin yin aiki a matakin da aka saka.

2. Rubuta lambar hanyar sadarwa ta watsawa a cikin Python

Da zarar mai haɓaka ya gwada amfani da na'urorin firikwensin kayan aikin bas, mataki na gaba shine rubuta lambar aikace-aikacen don na'urori masu auna firikwensin.Maimakon tsalle kai tsaye zuwa lambar microcontroller, rubuta lambar aikace-aikacen a cikin Python. Yawancin kayan aikin bas suna saita plugins da lambar samfurin lokacin rubuta rubutun rubutu, wanda Python yawanci ke bi.NET ɗaya daga cikin harsunan da ake samu a cikin.net. Rubuta aikace-aikacen a cikin Python yana da sauri da sauƙi, kuma yana samar da hanyar gwada na'urori masu auna firikwensin a cikin aikace-aikacen da ba su da rikitarwa kamar gwaji a cikin yanayi mai haɗawa. Samun lambar babban mataki zai sauƙaƙa wa injiniyoyin da ba a haɗa su ba su haƙa rubutun na'urori masu auna firikwensin da gwaje-gwaje ba tare da kulawar injiniyan software da aka haɗa ba.

3. Gwada na'urar firikwensin da Micro Python

Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodin rubuta lambar aikace-aikacen farko a cikin Python shine cewa ana iya musanya kiran aikace-aikace zuwa Bus-utility application Programming interface (API) cikin sauƙi ta hanyar kiran Micro Python. Micro Python yana gudana a cikin software na lokaci-lokaci, wanda ke da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da yawa don injiniyoyi su fahimci ƙimarsa. Micro Python yana aiki akan na'urar sarrafawa ta Cortex-M4, kuma yanayi ne mai kyau wanda za a iya gyara lambar aikace-aikacen daga ciki. Ba wai kawai yana da sauƙi ba, babu buƙatar rubuta direbobin I2C ko SPI a nan, kamar yadda aka riga aka rufe su a cikin ɗakin karatu na aikin Micro Python.

4. Yi amfani da lambar mai samar da firikwensin

Duk wani samfurin lambar da za a iya "gogewa" daga masana'antar firikwensin, injiniyoyi za su yi dogon bincike don fahimtar yadda firikwensin ke aiki. Abin takaici, masu sayar da firikwensin da yawa ba ƙwararru ba ne a cikin ƙirar software da aka haɗa, don haka kada ku yi tsammanin samun misali mai kyau na gine-gine da kyau na samarwa. Kawai yi amfani da lambar mai siyarwa, koya yadda wannan ɓangaren ke aiki, kuma takaicin sake fasalin zai taso har sai an haɗa shi cikin software da aka haɗa cikin tsabta. Yana iya farawa a matsayin "spaghetti", amma amfani da fahimtar masana'antun game da yadda firikwensin su ke aiki zai taimaka wajen rage lalacewar ƙarshen mako da yawa kafin a ƙaddamar da samfurin.

5. Yi amfani da ɗakin karatu na ayyukan haɗa firikwensin

Akwai yiwuwar cewa hanyar sadarwa ta watsa firikwensin ba sabon abu ba ne kuma ba a taɓa yin ta ba a da. Dakunan karatu da aka sani game da dukkan ayyuka, kamar "Laburaren Haɗakar Na'urar Sensor" wanda masana'antun guntu da yawa ke bayarwa, suna taimaka wa masu haɓakawa su koyi da sauri, ko ma mafi kyau, kuma su guji zagayowar sake haɓakawa ko canza tsarin samfurin sosai. Ana iya haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin da yawa cikin nau'ikan ko rukunoni gabaɗaya, kuma waɗannan nau'ikan ko rukunoni za su ba da damar haɓaka direbobi cikin sauƙi waɗanda, idan aka yi amfani da su yadda ya kamata, kusan ba za a iya sake amfani da su ba. Nemo waɗannan ɗakunan karatu na ayyukan haɗa firikwensin kuma ku koyi ƙarfi da raunin su.

Idan aka haɗa na'urori masu auna firikwensin cikin tsarin da aka haɗa, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don taimakawa wajen inganta lokacin ƙira da sauƙin amfani. Masu haɓakawa ba za su taɓa "yi kuskure" ba ta hanyar koyon yadda na'urori masu auna firikwensin ke aiki daga babban matakin ɓoyewa a farkon ƙirar da kuma kafin haɗa su cikin tsarin ƙasa. Yawancin albarkatun da ake da su a yau za su taimaka wa masu haɓakawa "su fara aiki" ba tare da fara daga farko ba.